← Back to search
1ndc

X-RAY STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE COMPLEXED WITH DTDP AND MG2+ AT 2 A RESOLUTION

Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION Dmax: 53.8 Å Quality: GOOD
▼

1. Protein Identity and Related Structures Protein Identity & Related Structures

NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE

Dictyostelium discoideum

UniProt P22887

State in the Current Structure

Assembly Oligomeric State Construct Mutations and Modifications Ligands, Ions and Associated Components Method and Experimental Conditions Structure Quality
1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric（6） Consistent with protein copy count Chain A； UniProt 1–155 Not recorded MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 TYD THYMIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed experimental conditions Resolution 2.00 Å

Other States of the Same Protein in the Database

Each row is a biological assembly of the same UniProt protein in another PDB entry. The “Difference from current entry” column identifies evidence-level differences; no tag means the currently parsed fields agree.

Other PDB Difference from Current Entry 1NDC Assembly / Oligomeric State Construct Mutations and Modifications Ligands, Ions and Non-polymers Method and Experimental Conditions Structure Quality
1B4S STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE H122G MUTANT Deposited 1998-12-28 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G PO4 PHOSPHATE ION × 6 MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 ADP ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；pH 7.5
Resolution 2.50 Å R-free 0.305
1B99 3'-FLUORO-URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE BINDING TO NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1999-02-22 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Chain B 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Chain C 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Chain D 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Chain E 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Chain F 1–155（155 aa） Fragment：HEXAMER
Not recorded FUP 2',3'-DIDEOXY-3'-FLUORO-URIDIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 1 POP PYROPHOSPHATE 2- × 5 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP
Resolution 2.70 Å R-free 0.304
1BUX 3'-PHOSPHORYLATED NUCLEOTIDES BINDING TO NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1998-09-07 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded PPS 3'-PHOSPHATE-ADENOSINE-5'-PHOSPHATE SULFATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；pH 7.5
Resolution 2.80 Å R-free 0.312
1F3F STRUCTURE OF THE H122G NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE / D4T-TRIPHOSPHATE.MG COMPLEX Deposited 2000-06-02 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 D4T 2',3'-DEHYDRO-2',3'-DEOXY-THYMIDINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE × 6 PO4 PHOSPHATE ION × 2 D4D 2',3'-DEHYDRO-2',3'-DEOXY-THYMIDINE 5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 2 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；pH 7.50
Resolution 1.85 Å R-free 0.234
1F6T STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE/ALPHA-BORANO(RP)-TDP.MG COMPLEX Deposited 2000-06-23 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 TBD 2*-DEOXY-THYMIDINE-5*-ALPHA BORANO DIPHOSPHATE (ISOMER RP) × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；pH 7.50
Resolution 1.92 Å R-free 0.274
1HHQ Role of active site resiude Lys16 in Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Deposited 2000-12-26 Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：YES SO4 SULFATE ION × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；METHOD: HANGING DROP IN DROP: 5MG/ML PROTEIN, 50 MM TRIS HCL PH7.5, 1 M AS, 20MM MGCL2 IN WELL: 2M AS, 50MM TRISHCL PH7.5, 20MM MGCL2, pH 7.50
Resolution 2.10 Å R-free 0.255
1HIY Binding of nucleotides to NDP kinase Deposited 2001-01-05 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded 3AN 3'-DEOXY 3'-AMINO ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 8.5；METHOD: HANGING DROP IN DROP: 5MG/ML PROTEIN, 50 MM TRIS HCL PH8.5, 8.5MM 3'-AMINO-ADP,15-16% PEG550, 20MM MGCL2 IN WELL: 30-32% PEG550, 50MM TRISHCL PH8.5., pH 8.50
Resolution 2.60 Å R-free 0.325
1HLW STRUCTURE OF THE H122A MUTANT OF THE NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 2000-12-04 Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122A No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；290 K；PEG 600, Magnesium Chloride, Tris Hydrochloride, pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 290K
Resolution 1.90 Å R-free 0.208
1KDN STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1996-09-10 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 AF3 ALUMINUM FLUORIDE × 6 ADP ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.00 Å R-free 0.179
1LEO P100S NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1996-05-22 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 6–155（150 aa）
Mutation：P100S No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.60 Å
1LWX AZT DIPHOSPHATE BINDING TO NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1997-04-30 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：N119A Mutation：N119A Mutation：N119A MG MAGNESIUM ION × 4 AZD 3'-AZIDO-3'-DEOXYTHYMIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.30 Å R-free 0.280
1MN7 NDP kinase mutant (H122G;N119S;F64W) in complex with aBAZTTP Deposited 2002-09-05 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122G N119S F64W Mutation：H122G N119S F64W MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 ABT 3'-AZIDO-3'-DEOXY-THYMIDINE-5'-ALPHA BORANO TRIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6.5；291 K；PEG550, mes, pH 6.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 291K
Resolution 2.15 Å R-free 0.295
1MN9 NDP kinase mutant (H122G) complex with RTP Deposited 2002-09-05 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 RTP RIBAVIRIN TRIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；291 K；PEG 550, Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 291K
Resolution 2.90 Å R-free 0.249
1NCL THERMAL STABILITY OF HEXAMERIC AND TETRAMERIC NUCLEOSIDE, DIPHOSPHATE KINASES Deposited 1996-03-22 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 6–155（150 aa）
Mutation：P105G No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.20 Å
1NDK X-RAY STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1993-07-15 Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.20 Å
1NDP ADENOSINE 5'-DIPHOSPHATE BINDING AND THE ACTIVE SITE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE Deposited 1993-11-29 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded ADP ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 MG MAGNESIUM ION × 3 X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.20 Å
1NPK REFINED X-RAY STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE AT 1,8 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION Deposited 1994-07-27 Different construct Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 2–155（154 aa）
Not recorded No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 1.80 Å
1NSP MECHANISM OF PHOSPHATE TRANSFER BY NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE: X-RAY STRUCTURES OF A PHOSPHO-HISTIDINE INTERMEDIATE OF THE ENZYMES FROM DROSOPHILA AND DICTYOSTELIUM Deposited 1995-04-18 Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Non-standard monomer：Yes (specific site not provided by mmCIF) No recorded non-water small molecule X-RAY DIFFRACTION mmCIF provides none of the parsed conditions Resolution 2.10 Å
1PAE nucleoside diphosphate kinase Deposited 2003-05-14 Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain X 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122C Non-standard monomer：Yes (specific site not provided by mmCIF) SE SELENIUM ATOM × 12 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；291 K；PEG 6000, magnesium chloride,Tris, pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 291K
Resolution 2.70 Å R-free 0.232
1S5Z NDP kinase in complex with adenosine phosphonoacetic acid Deposited 2004-01-22 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Chain D 1–155（155 aa）
Chain E 1–155（155 aa）
Chain F 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded SON ADENOSINE PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID × 1 PO4 PHOSPHATE ION × 1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；298 K；PEG 1000, pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 298K
Resolution 2.00 Å R-free 0.239
2BEF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NDP KINASE COMPLEXED WITH MG, ADP, AND BEF3 Deposited 1998-05-26 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Not recorded MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 BEF BERYLLIUM TRIFLUORIDE ION × 6 ADP ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；HANGING DROP, SEEDING, 32% PEG550, 50MM TRIS PH 7.5, 20MM MGCL2, 25MM NAF, 1MM BECL2
Resolution 2.30 Å
3FKB Structure of NDPK H122G and tenofovir-diphosphate Deposited 2008-12-16 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Chain D 1–155（155 aa）
Chain E 1–155（155 aa）
Chain F 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G Mutation：H122G TNM [(2R)-1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxymethyl-phosphonooxy-phosphinic acid × 5 MG MAGNESIUM ION × 6 EDO 1,2-ETHANEDIOL × 5 GOL GLYCEROL × 2 TNV [2-(6-AMINO-9H-PURIN-9-YL)-1-METHYLETHOXY]METHYL-TRIPHOSPHATE × 1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 7.5；298 K；25% PEG 1000, pH 7.5, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 298K
Resolution 1.65 Å R-free 0.205
4C6A High Resolution Structure of the Nucleoside diphosphate kinase Deposited 2013-09-18 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric
Chain A 2–155（154 aa）
Mutation：YES PEG DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER × 1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions pH 7.5；26% PEG 1000, 100MM TRIS PH7.5
Resolution 1.25 Å R-free 0.172
4CP5 ndpK in complex with (Rp)-SPMPApp Deposited 2014-01-31 Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 6 PDB declaration: hexameric
Chain A 1–155（155 aa）
Chain B 1–155（155 aa）
Chain C 1–155（155 aa）
Chain D 1–155（155 aa）
Chain E 1–155（155 aa）
Chain F 1–155（155 aa）
Mutation：YES Mutation：YES Mutation：YES Mutation：YES Mutation：YES Mutation：YES EOI [[(2R)-1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxymethyl-sulfanyl-phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate × 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-ray crystallization conditions 26% PEG 1000 100MM TRIS PH7.5
Resolution 2.32 Å R-free 0.246

24 other PDB entries and 24 assemblies. Open the comparison page and filter oligomeric states

View Construct and Data Evidence
UniProt name NDKC_DICDI
Isoform —
PDB entities 1
Chains and sequence ranges Author chain A； PDBConstruct 1–155； UniProt 1–155

The page prioritizes protein identity, the current assembly, associated components, oligomeric state and cross-PDB links. Chain mapping and sequence ranges are retained as data evidence. Internal IDs, import timestamps and assembly operation expressions are maintenance fields and are not shown here.

SAXS scattering curve SAXS Profile

SAXS profile for 1ndc

P(r) Distance Distribution P(r) Distribution

P(r) distribution for 1ndc
Download Download
▼

2. Structure Basics 2. Structure Basics

Entry ID entry_id1ndc
Deposition date deposition_date1994-04-27
Structure title titleX-RAY STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE COMPLEXED WITH DTDP AND MG2+ AT 2 A RESOLUTION
Keywords keywordsPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE, NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE, NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE
Experimental Method methodX-RAY DIFFRACTION
▼

3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL theoretical calculation) 3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL)

Radius of gyration Rg (Guinier) rg_guinier16.06 Å
Radius of gyration Rg (electron density) rg_electron14.95 Å
Forward intensity I(0) i05228990.00
Molecular weight molecular_weight16659.0 kDa
Excluded volume excluded_volume20985 ų
Envelope volume envelope_volume23583 ų
Hydration-shell volume shell_volume13419 ų
Envelope diameter envelope_diameter54.0 Å
Shell Rg shell_rg20.80 Å
Envelope Rg envelope_rg15.46 Å
Shape Rg shape_rg14.94 Å
Total Rg total_rg16.09 Å
Total atoms total_atoms1173
Residues n_residues150
Spherical-harmonic order n_harmonics20
q range q_range— – 0.5000 Å−1
Data points n_points101
Shell type shell_typedirectional
Solvent electron density solvent_density0.3340 e/ų
Shell contrast contrast_shell0.0300 e/ų
CRYSOL version crysol_version4.1.3
▼

4. P(r) Distance Distribution (GNOM inversion) 4. P(r) Analysis (GNOM)

Maximum dimension Dmax dmax53.8 Å
Rg (real space) rg_real16.01 Å
Rg uncertainty (real space) rg_real_error0.37 Å
I(0) (real space) i0_real5.2290e+06
I(0) uncertainty (real space) i0_real_error5.7360e+04
Rg (reciprocal space) rg_reciprocal16.01 Å
I(0) (reciprocal space) i0_reciprocal5229000.0000
Solution quality estimate total_estimate0.7922
Solution quality rating solution_quality GOOD a GOOD solution
P(r) peaks n_peaks2
Primary peak position r_peak_primary20.4 Å
Skewness Skewness skewness0.305
Kurtosis Kurtosis kurtosis-0.128
Angular range angular_range— – 0.4950 Å−1
Current regularization parameter α current_alpha0.0000
Highest regularization parameter α highest_alpha1186000.0000
Real-space data points n_real_points80
GNOM version gnom_version4.1.3
Quality Criteria quality_criteria AN1: 0.000; Oscil: 0.767; Stabil: 1.000; Sysdev: 1.000; Positv: 1.000; Valcen: 0.994; Smooth: 0.000
▶

5. Crystallography and Experiment 5. Crystallography & Experiment

▶

6. Entities and Polymers Entities & Polymers (4)

▼

7. Fold Classification (SCOP + CATH) 2 domains

SCOP 2.08 (1 domains)

Domain ID domain_idd1ndca_
Class classd — Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)
Fold Fold foldd.58 — Ferredoxin-like
Superfamily Superfamily superfamilyd.58.6 — Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, NDK
Family Family familyd.58.6.1 — Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, NDK

CATH v4.4 (1 domains)

Domain ID domain_id1ndcA00
Class class3 — Alpha Beta
Architecture architecture30 — 2-Layer Sandwich
Topology topology70 — Alpha-Beta Plaits
Homologous superfamily homologous superfamily141 — Nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like domain
▶

8. Citations (3)

▶

9. Files and Curves (10)