SAXSdb — 1y8f

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1. Protein Identity and Related Structures Protein Identity & Related Structures

Unc-13 homolog A

Rattus norvegicus

State in the Current Structure

Assembly	Oligomeric State	Construct	Mutations and Modifications	Ligands, Ions and Associated Components	Method and Experimental Conditions	Structure Quality
1	Protein monomer Monomer Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric（1） Consistent with protein copy count	Chain A； UniProt 567–616	Fragment：C1-domain (residues 567-616)	ZN ZINC ION × 2	SOLUTION NMR NMR measurement conditions：pH 7；298 K；Ionic strength (raw mmCIF value) 150mM NaCl；Pressure ambient NMR sample composition：1.5mM munc13-1 C1-domain U-15N, 40mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 150mM NaCl, 50uM ZnCl2 \| 40mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 150mM NaCl, 50uM ZnCl2 NMR sample composition：1.5mM munc13-1 C1-domain U-15N,13C, 40mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 150mM NaCl, 50uM ZnCl2 \| 40 mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 150 mM NaCl, 50 uM ZnCl2	Resolution not provided

Other States of the Same Protein in the Database

Each row is a biological assembly of the same UniProt protein in another PDB entry. The “Difference from current entry” column identifies evidence-level differences; no tag means the currently parsed fields agree.

Other PDB	Difference from Current Entry 1Y8F	Assembly / Oligomeric State	Construct	Mutations and Modifications	Ligands, Ions and Non-polymers	Method and Experimental Conditions	Structure Quality
2CJS Structural Basis for a Munc13-1 Homodimer - Munc13-1 - RIM Heterodimer Switch: C2-domains as Versatile Protein-Protein Interaction Modules Deposited 2006-04-06	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein heterocomplex Heteromer；Protein × 3 PDB declaration: trimeric	Chain A 2–150（149 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 2-150 Chain B 2–150（149 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 2-150	Mutation：YES Mutation：YES	EDO 1,2-ETHANEDIOL × 5 GOL GLYCEROL × 6 ZN ZINC ION × 2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 4.5；293 K；VAPOR DIFFUSION; HANGING DROP; PROTEIN: 10 MG/ML MUNC13-1/RIM2ALPHA IN 30 MM TRIS, 150 MM NACL AND 1 MM TCEP, PH 7.4); RESERVOIR: 0.3 M AMMONIUM TARTRATE (PH 7.0); DROP: 1 MICROLITER PROTEIN PLUS 1 MICROLITER RESERVOIR; TEMPERATURE: 20 DEGREES CELSIUS; CRYSTALS APPEARED OVERNIGHT AND GREW TO A FINAL SIZE OF ABOUT 0.06 MM X 0.06 MM X 0.25 MM WITHIN 4 DAYS.	Resolution 1.78 Å R-free 0.219
2CJT Structural Basis for a Munc13-1 Homodimer - Munc13-1 - RIM Heterodimer Switch: C2-domains as Versatile Protein-Protein Interaction Modules Deposited 2006-04-06	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 2 PDB declaration: dimeric	Chain A 1–128（128 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1-128 Chain C 1–128（128 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1-128	Not recorded	EDO 1,2-ETHANEDIOL × 11 FMT FORMIC ACID × 7	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 4.5；293 K；VAPOR DIFFUSION; HANGING DROP; PROTEIN: 12 MG/ML MUNC13-1 IN 30 MM TRIS, 150 MM NACL AND 1 MM TCEP, PH 7.4; RESERVOIR: 0.4 M MAGNESIUM FORMATE, 0.1 M SODIUM ACETATE (PH 4.5); DROP: 1 MICROLITER PROTEIN PLUS 1 MICROLITER RESERVOIR; TEMPERATURE: 20 DEGREES CELSIUS; CRYSTALS APPEARED OVERNIGHT AND GREW TO A FINAL SIZE OF ABOUT 0.05 MM X 0.05 MM X 0.35 MM WITHIN 3 DAYS.	Resolution 1.44 Å R-free 0.188
2CJT Structural Basis for a Munc13-1 Homodimer - Munc13-1 - RIM Heterodimer Switch: C2-domains as Versatile Protein-Protein Interaction Modules Deposited 2006-04-06	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 2 Protein homooligomer Homooligomer；Protein × 2 PDB declaration: dimeric	Chain B 1–128（128 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1-128 Chain D 1–128（128 aa） Fragment：C2A DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1-128	Not recorded	EDO 1,2-ETHANEDIOL × 12 FMT FORMIC ACID × 4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 4.5；293 K；VAPOR DIFFUSION; HANGING DROP; PROTEIN: 12 MG/ML MUNC13-1 IN 30 MM TRIS, 150 MM NACL AND 1 MM TCEP, PH 7.4; RESERVOIR: 0.4 M MAGNESIUM FORMATE, 0.1 M SODIUM ACETATE (PH 4.5); DROP: 1 MICROLITER PROTEIN PLUS 1 MICROLITER RESERVOIR; TEMPERATURE: 20 DEGREES CELSIUS; CRYSTALS APPEARED OVERNIGHT AND GREW TO A FINAL SIZE OF ABOUT 0.05 MM X 0.05 MM X 0.35 MM WITHIN 3 DAYS.	Resolution 1.44 Å R-free 0.188
2KDU Structural basis of the Munc13-1/Ca2+-Calmodulin interaction: A novel 1-26 calmodulin binding motif with a bipartite binding mode Deposited 2009-01-19	Different construct Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental conditions	Assembly 1 Protein heterocomplex Heteromer；Protein × 2 PDB declaration: dimeric	Chain B 458–492（35 aa） Fragment：UNP residues 458-492, Calmodulin binding domain	Not recorded	CA CALCIUM ION × 4	SOLUTION NMR NMR measurement conditions pH 6.8；308 K NMR sample composition 10 mM calcium, 1.5 mM [U-99% 13C; U-99% 15N] calmodulin, 1.8 mM Munc13-1, 150 mM potassium chloride, 20 mM BIS-TRIS, 90% H2O/10% D2O \| 90% H2O/10% D2O NMR sample composition 10 mM calcium, 0.5 mM [U-99% 13C; U-99% 15N] Munc13-1, 0.6 mM calmodulin, 150 mM potassium chloride, 20 mM BIS-TRIS, 90% H2O/10% D2O \| 90% H2O/10% D2O NMR sample composition 10 mM calcium, 1.5 mM [U-99% 13C; U-99% 15N] calmodulin, 1.8 mM Munc13, 150 mM potassium chloride, 20 mM BIS-TRIS, 100% D2O \| 100% D2O	Resolution not provided
3SWH Munc13-1, MUN domain, C-terminal module Deposited 2011-07-13	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 1148–1407（260 aa） Fragment：SEE REMARK 999 Chain A 1453–1531（79 aa） Fragment：SEE REMARK 999	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6；293 K；18-25% PEG400, 0.1 M MES, pH 6.0, 0.15 M sodium chloride, 10% glycerol, 5 mM TCEP, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 293K	Resolution 2.65 Å R-free 0.302
3SWH Munc13-1, MUN domain, C-terminal module Deposited 2011-07-13	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 2 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain B 1148–1407（260 aa） Fragment：SEE REMARK 999 Chain B 1453–1531（79 aa） Fragment：SEE REMARK 999	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6；293 K；18-25% PEG400, 0.1 M MES, pH 6.0, 0.15 M sodium chloride, 10% glycerol, 5 mM TCEP, VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP, temperature 293K	Resolution 2.65 Å R-free 0.302
4Y21 Crystal Structure of Munc13-1 MUN domain Deposited 2015-02-09	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 942–1407（466 aa） Fragment：MUN domain Chain A 1453–1523（71 aa） Fragment：MUN domain	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6.3；277 K；PEG 3350, Mg(NO3)2, MES	Resolution 2.90 Å R-free 0.252
5UE8 The crystal structure of Munc13-1 C1C2BMUN domain Deposited 2016-12-29	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 529–1407（879 aa） Fragment：C1C2BMUN domain (UNP residues 529-1407 and 1452-1531) Chain A 1452–1531（80 aa） Fragment：C1C2BMUN domain (UNP residues 529-1407 and 1452-1531)	Mutation：;L756W mutation. Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact. ; Mutation：;L756W mutation. Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact. ;	ZN ZINC ION × 2 CL CHLORIDE ION × 1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, SITTING DROP；293 K；0.2 M LiCl, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 0.15 M NaCl, 12% PEG 10,000, 10% glycerol, 5 mM TCEP, 25% ethylene glycol	Resolution 3.35 Å R-free 0.290
5UE8 The crystal structure of Munc13-1 C1C2BMUN domain Deposited 2016-12-29	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 2 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain B 529–1407（879 aa） Fragment：C1C2BMUN domain (UNP residues 529-1407 and 1452-1531) Chain B 1452–1531（80 aa） Fragment：C1C2BMUN domain (UNP residues 529-1407 and 1452-1531)	Mutation：;L756W mutation. Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact. ; Mutation：;L756W mutation. Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact. ;	ZN ZINC ION × 2 CL CHLORIDE ION × 1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, SITTING DROP；293 K；0.2 M LiCl, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 0.15 M NaCl, 12% PEG 10,000, 10% glycerol, 5 mM TCEP, 25% ethylene glycol	Resolution 3.35 Å R-free 0.290
5UF7 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MUNC13-1 MUN DOMAIN Deposited 2017-01-03	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 942–1407（466 aa） Fragment：MUN DOMAIN (UNP residues 942-1407 and 1453-1531) Chain A 1453–1531（79 aa） Fragment：MUN DOMAIN (UNP residues 942-1407 and 1453-1531)	Mutation：Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact. Mutation：Removal of alternatively spliced loop between residues 1407 and 1453, addition of two residues (EF) as cloning artifact.	No recorded non-water small molecule	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；277 K；0.2 M Mg(NO3)2, 0.1 M MES pH 5.8 - 6.3, 0.15 M NaCl, 18-25% PEG 3350, 10% glycerol, 5 mM DTT, 30% ethylene glycol	Resolution 2.90 Å R-free 0.253
6A30 Crystal Structure of Munc13-1 MUN Domain and Synaptobrevin-2 Juxtamembrane Linker Region Deposited 2018-06-14	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein heterocomplex Heteromer；Protein × 2 PDB declaration: dimeric	Chain A 944–1407（464 aa） Fragment：MUN domain Chain A 1453–1523（71 aa） Fragment：MUN domain	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；277.15 K；PEG 3350, magnesium nitrate, 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)	Resolution 2.79 Å R-free 0.239
6NYC Munc13-1 C2B-domain, calcium free Deposited 2019-02-11	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 675–820（146 aa） Fragment：C2B domain, residues 675-820	Mutation：L756W	CL CHLORIDE ION × 2 B3P 2-[3-(2-HYDROXY-1,1-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-ETHYLAMINO)-PROPYLAMINO]-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL × 1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6.8；298 K；30% PEG-MME 2000, 0.1 M bis-tris propane pH 6.8, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.5 mM TCEP	Resolution 1.89 Å R-free 0.248
6NYT Munc13-1 C2B-domain, calcium bound Deposited 2019-02-12	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Protein monomer Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 675–820（146 aa） Fragment：C2B	Mutation：L756W	CA CALCIUM ION × 2 CL CHLORIDE ION × 2 GOL GLYCEROL × 1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-ray crystallization conditions VAPOR DIFFUSION, HANGING DROP；pH 6.8；298 K；30% PEG-MME 2000, 0.1 M bis-tris propane pH 6.8, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.1 MM CaCl2, 0.5 mM TCEP	Resolution 1.37 Å R-free 0.169
7T7X Munc13-1 C1-C2B-MUN-C2C Upright conformation spanning two lipid bilayers Deposited 2021-12-15	Different construct Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Insufficient information Monomer；Protein × 1 PDB declaration: monomeric	Chain A 529–1407（879 aa）	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY cryo-EM buffer pH 7.4 cryo-EM vitrification conditions Cryogen ETHANE；blot for 5 sec before plunging, blot force -1	Resolution 10.00 Å
7T81 Model of Munc13-1 C1-C2B-MUN-C2C 2D crystal between lipid bilayers. Deposited 2021-12-15	Different construct Different mutation/modification Different oligomeric state Different ligand/ion Different experimental method Different experimental conditions Different structure-quality metrics	Assembly 1 Insufficient information Homooligomer；Protein × 24 PDB declaration: 24-meric	Chain A 529–1407（879 aa） Chain C 529–1407（879 aa） Chain D 529–1407（879 aa） Chain E 529–1407（879 aa） Chain F 529–1407（879 aa） Chain G 529–1407（879 aa） Chain H 529–1407（879 aa） Chain I 529–1407（879 aa） Chain J 529–1407（879 aa） Chain K 529–1407（879 aa） Chain L 529–1407（879 aa） Chain M 529–1407（879 aa） Chain N 529–1407（879 aa） Chain O 529–1407（879 aa） Chain P 529–1407（879 aa） Chain Q 529–1407（879 aa） Chain R 529–1407（879 aa） Chain S 529–1407（879 aa） Chain T 529–1407（879 aa） Chain U 529–1407（879 aa） Chain V 529–1407（879 aa） Chain W 529–1407（879 aa） Chain X 529–1407（879 aa） Chain Y 529–1407（879 aa）	Not recorded	No recorded non-water small molecule	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY cryo-EM buffer pH 7.4 cryo-EM vitrification conditions Cryogen ETHANE；blot for 5 sec before plunging, blot force -1	Resolution 10.00 Å

12 other PDB entries and 15 assemblies. Open the comparison page and filter oligomeric states

View Construct and Data Evidence

UniProt name	UN13A_RAT
Isoform	—
PDB entities	1
Chains and sequence ranges	Author chain A； PDBConstruct 14–63； UniProt 567–616

The page prioritizes protein identity, the current assembly, associated components, oligomeric state and cross-PDB links. Chain mapping and sequence ranges are retained as data evidence. Internal IDs, import timestamps and assembly operation expressions are maintenance fields and are not shown here.

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2. Structure Basics 2. Structure Basics

Entry ID entry_id	1y8f
Deposition date deposition_date	2004-12-12
Structure title title	Solution structure of the munc13-1 C1-domain
Keywords keywords	CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN, C1-DOMAIN, ZINC-BINDING DOMAIN, ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS, SIGNALING PROTEIN COMPLEX, ENDOCYTOSIS-EXOCYTOSIS; ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS,SIGNALING PROTEIN
Experimental Method method	SOLUTION NMR

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3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL theoretical calculation) 3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL)

Radius of gyration Rg (Guinier) rg_guinier	9.90 Å
Radius of gyration Rg (electron density) rg_electron	10.11 Å
Forward intensity I(0) i0	251257000.00
Molecular weight molecular_weight	119350.0 kDa
Excluded volume excluded_volume	142580 Å³
Envelope volume envelope_volume	9975 Å³
Hydration-shell volume shell_volume	8017 Å³
Envelope diameter envelope_diameter	37.4 Å
Shell Rg shell_rg	16.19 Å
Envelope Rg envelope_rg	11.30 Å
Shape Rg shape_rg	10.12 Å
Total Rg total_rg	10.20 Å
Total atoms total_atoms	15460
Residues n_residues	1020
Spherical-harmonic order n_harmonics	20
q range q_range	— – 0.5000 Å⁻¹
Data points n_points	101
Shell type shell_type	directional
Solvent electron density solvent_density	0.3340 e/Å³
Shell contrast contrast_shell	0.0300 e/Å³
CRYSOL version crysol_version	4.1.3

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4. P(r) Distance Distribution (GNOM inversion) 4. P(r) Analysis (GNOM)

Maximum dimension Dmax dmax	32.5 Å
Rg (real space) rg_real	9.86 Å
Rg uncertainty (real space) rg_real_error	0.28 Å
I(0) (real space) i0_real	2.5130e+08
I(0) uncertainty (real space) i0_real_error	2.5800e+06
Rg (reciprocal space) rg_reciprocal	9.86 Å
I(0) (reciprocal space) i0_reciprocal	251300000.0000
Solution quality estimate total_estimate	0.8063
Solution quality rating solution_quality	GOOD a GOOD solution
P(r) peaks n_peaks	2
Primary peak position r_peak_primary	13.2 Å
Skewness Skewness skewness	0.173
Kurtosis Kurtosis kurtosis	-0.352
Angular range angular_range	— – 0.5000 Å⁻¹
Current regularization parameter α current_alpha	0.0000
Highest regularization parameter α highest_alpha	33500.0000
Real-space data points n_real_points	80
GNOM version gnom_version	4.1.3
Quality Criteria quality_criteria	AN1: 0.000; Oscil: 0.833; Stabil: 0.995; Sysdev: 1.000; Positv: 1.000; Valcen: 0.994; Smooth: 0.000

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5. Crystallography and Experiment 5. Crystallography & Experiment

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6. Entities and Polymers Entities & Polymers (2)

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7. Fold Classification (SCOP + CATH) 3 domains

SCOP 2.08 (2 domains)

Domain ID domain_id	d1y8fa1
Class class	g — Small proteins
Fold Fold fold	g.49 — Cysteine-rich domain
Superfamily Superfamily superfamily	g.49.1 — Cysteine-rich domain
Family Family family	g.49.1.0 — automated matches

Domain ID domain_id	d1y8fa2
Class class	l — Artifacts
Fold Fold fold	l.1 — Tags
Superfamily Superfamily superfamily	l.1.1 — Tags
Family Family family	l.1.1.1 — Tags

CATH v4.4 (1 domains)

Domain ID domain_id	1y8fA00
Class class	3 — Alpha Beta
Architecture architecture	30 — 2-Layer Sandwich
Topology topology	60 — Wheat Germ Agglutinin (Isolectin 2); domain 1
Homologous superfamily homologous superfamily	20 —

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8. Citations (1)

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Description description	Unc-13 homolog A
Molecular weight formula_weight	7116.0 kDa
Source method src_method	man
Copy count entity_count	1

Polymer type type	polypeptide(L)
Chain IDs strand_id	A
Atom count atom_count	15460

来源生物 organism	Rattus norvegicus
通用名 common_name	Norway rat
NCBI Class编号 ncbi_taxonomy_id	10116
宿主生物 host_organism	Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)

Description description	ZINC ION
Molecular weight formula_weight	65.4 kDa
Source method src_method	syn
Copy count entity_count	2

fit	/app/data/saxs_computation/y8/1y8f/1y8f.fit
pddf	/app/data/pr_computation/y8/1y8f/1y8f.pr.out
profile	/app/data/saxs_computation/y8/1y8f/1y8f.dat

Solution structure of the munc13-1 C1-domain

1. Protein Identity and Related Structures Protein Identity & Related Structures

Unc-13 homolog A

State in the Current Structure

Other States of the Same Protein in the Database

SAXS scattering curve SAXS Profile

P(r) Distance Distribution P(r) Distribution

2. Structure Basics 2. Structure Basics

3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL theoretical calculation) 3. SAXS Parameters (CRYSOL)

4. P(r) Distance Distribution (GNOM inversion) 4. P(r) Analysis (GNOM)

5. Crystallography and Experiment 5. Crystallography & Experiment

6. Entities and Polymers Entities & Polymers (2)

Entity 1 Entity 1 polymer

Polymer Polymer

来源 Source

Entity 2 Entity 2 non-polymer

7. Fold Classification (SCOP + CATH) 3 domains

SCOP 2.08 (2 domains)

CATH v4.4 (1 domains)

8. Citations (1)

9. Files and Curves (10)

Files (7)

Curves (3)